Where transmitters are located

Three main factors affect the positioning of base stations sites:

• Coverage - the area that a base station can service
• Capacity - the level of user demand for service within an area
• Environment - how a site might affect its surroundings

Each of these is affected by a number of other factors:

• Range

Using your phone nearer a base station typically needs a lower signal strength, helping to prolong battery life

• Distance

The farther you move from a transmitter, the weaker the signal. Signals are not more intense directly beneath a transmitter, as many people think. Radio waves travel 'outwards' from antennas, rather than upwards and downwards. This is also why buildings or trees can obstruct the signals.

• Landscape

Environmental features such as hills and trees reduce the strength of radio signals. Towers located on top of hills help boost coverage in such situations.

• Population

More base stations are needed in towns and cities, where there are more concentrated numbers of mobile phone users. When base stations are needed closer together, they operate on lower power. All mobile phone signals are controlled and regulated so that they do not interfere with emergency service communications, or TV and radio broadcasting.



Who decides?

Different countries have different regulations and conventions for deciding the location of base stations. As a general guide, these are the main groups who would have a say.

Operators/Carriers

Network operators carefully plan where to site base stations. They need a broad understanding of the properties of radio waves, legislation and public attitudes towards mobile communications.

Operators try to share sites where possible. This can help them ensure that the number and height of masts within a local area best meets the needs of the community. Differences between networks mean this is not always possible.

Authorities

Local governments and planning authorities are often involved in decisions. It important for the authorities and operators to co-operate closely together.

Site owners

Many sites are placed on leased sites in cooperation with the property owners . Property owners will normally require clear assurances on the safety and security of the site.

... and you.

Like water and electricity supplies, mobile communications is a utility provided for the common good. The mobile network industry is encouraged to consult people who live, work or travel near a base station site. And you can normally express your views in a number of ways, helping to ensure that this service is provided in the best way.

Click here to learn more about related issues.