Railway operators face a growing array of threats as they digitalize more of their OT systems and increase their reliance on communications across the mission-critical IP/MPLS and optical backbone. They need a strong encryption safeguard that can withstand quantum threats to keep bad actors from eavesdropping on communications, executing advanced attacks such as command spoofing or disrupting core train management systems with DoS assaults. With CRQCs on the horizon, railway operators must adopt quantum-safe protection to ensure that they can effectively stop quantum attacks.