Direct Electrical Communication Between Redox Enzymes and Metal Electrodes. IV. Electron Transfer via Enzyme-Bound Redox Polymers.

Membrane-containable, diffusing, polycationic redox polymers penetrate negatively charged channels in the folded protein of glucose oxidase at low electrolyte concentrations. Upon such penetration, the distance between the redox centers of the polymers and the FADH centers of the reduced enzyme is reduced sufficiently for electrons to be transferred and, therefore, for the mediated electro-oxidation of glucose on conventional electrodes.