Electromagnetic Waves in The Optical Fibers, The Basis for Modern Telecommunicat ions

Lightwave technology has become the preferred technology for the transmission of information in an increasing variety of applications. This technology, which is based on lasers and optical fibers, can be used for the transmission of voice, data, and videa information in the networks of the local exchange loops; in long-distance trunking: for ca-is also a multimode fiber technology, but it has its wavelength of operation shifted to the 1.3 micron band, where fiber losses are lower. :