Empty surface states, image states and band edge on Au(111).

Inverse photoemission observations on Au(111) reveal the n = 1 image stage, the L,(1)(L(6+)) band edge and the continuation above the Fermi level E(f) of a well established Shockley surface state. The image state binding energy (9.60 +- 0.05 eV) is lower than that obtained on Cu(111) or Ag(111), or that expected on the basis of elementary multiple reflection theory (0.85eV). The L(1)(L(6+)) level is found to occur 3.6 +- 0.1 eV above E(F).