Energy-Efficiency Improvements for Optical Access

The present paper discusses innovations that can improve the energy efficiency of different optical access technologies, including time division multiplexed passive optical network (TDM-PON), time and wavelength division multiplexed PON (TWDM-PON), point-to-point (PTP) access, wavelength division multiplexed PON (WDM-PON), and orthogonal frequency division multiplexed PON (OFDM-PON). Cyclic sleep mode is an effective method to reduce the power consumption compatible with existing standards. Additional gains can be achieved by stepping away from the standards and designing a completely new protocol with energy efficiency in mind, as e.g. in a bit-interleaving PON (BiPON).