Optimization of Power Efficient Spatial Division Multiplexed Submarine Cables Using Adaptive Transponders and Machine Learning

Historically, undersea systems capacity increases were primarily based on maximizing the total throughput per fiber. Whilst previously designed to operate at optimum launch power of the fiber, subsea systems are now designed for higher optical power efficiency. Next generation spatial division multiplexed (SDM) cables require operation at lower signal power enabling repeater pump farming and providing higher reliability and efficiency. To adapt to these power constraints, the benefits of adaptive transponders and the application of machine learning to submarine line design are investigated.