Single Backscatter Reverberation

By making use of Green's function techniques, we construct a self-consistent, non-perturbative, single backscatter model for multiple forward scattering on both the outgoing and return paths. The model can be made to use any one-way equation: e.g. the standard parabolic equation or the Thomson-Chapman high-angle equation. When standard parabolic equation is used, the technique lends itself to a numerical implementation that is much faster than competing schemes. While the model is particularly useful at low frequencies, its validity does not depend on frequency. The model's numerical speed and versatility suggest its use for the study of low-frequency reverberation from rough ocean surfaces, deterministic and random variations in the ocean volume, and range-dependence in the bottom (both bathymetric and compositional).