Single-pixel neutron imaging with artificial intelligence: Breaking the barrier in multi-parameter imaging, sensitivity, and spatial resolution

Different from X-rays, neutrons mainly interact with atomic nuclei and magnetic moments in materials. This makes neutron imaging a complementary contrast mechanism to X-ray imaging. Neutron imaging aims to infer the internal material information of the object by measuring the changes in neutron beam parameters, such as the intensity attenuation, polarization, scattering, and matter wave interference. It has a wide range of applications in industry such as the inspection of batteries, magnetic structure analysis, and strain mapping in alloys.