Speaker Verification by Human Listeners over Several Speech Transmission Systems

Speaker verification, both automatically by machine and by human listeners, is an important problem in the area of man-machine communication by voice. 1-8 The verification problem has applications in the business community for such things as voice banking by telephone, credit card transactions (including charging of telephone calls), and access of privileged or confidential information. As shown in Fig. 1, the speaker verification problem, either by human listeners or by machine, has two aspects--the creation of a reference pattern (i.e., the training phase) and the determination of similarity between a test and a reference pattern (i.e., the testing phase). When 2887 I ACCEPT OR REJECT DECISION Fig. 1--Block diagram of the speaker verification problem.