Microphone measurements and microphone arrangements

The author considers both theoretically and practically the effect of the angular position of the microphone with regard to the source of sound, and shows that an approximate formula can be derived for the diaphragm effect involving the square of the cosine of the angle of incidence of the sound waves. Some further measurements were made on the variation of diaphragm effect with distance, and these were found to be in close agreement with the theory for small distances after which the results became irregular; it is intended to investigate this point in more detail. The application of the theoretically derived and practically tested formulaelig to actual problems arising in the broadcasting studio is then given, and the importance of having a microphone vertically adjustable is brought out. The arrangement of an orchestra is considered in some detail, and the advantage of the scheme of a series of tiers or steps is evaluated numerically.