Performance limits of electrical interconnections to a high- speed chip.

An electrical model is presented to characterize the transmission path from a printed wiring board to a high-speed chip. The model accounts for the important constraint of inductive noise. The parameter values of the transmission path depend critically on the physical design of the electrical interconnections. For various input signal risetimes (i.e., 0.1 ns), the following results are presented: The Reflected Waveform, the Energy of the Reflected Waveform, and the Waveform Received at the Chip. These results lead to definite performance limits (e.g., bit rate) for the electrical interconnections from a printed wiring board to a high-speed chip. For advanced physical designs, tolerable pulse waveform degradation occurs for bit rates of a few Gb/s. However, for much higher bit rates serious pulse degradation can occur. The model can also be used to analyze high-speed connectors and general chip packages.