Scattering Relations in Lossless Varactor Frequency Multipliers

The carrier voltages and currents present in a varactor frequency multiplier are perturbed by small amplitude and phase fluctuations due to a variety of causes, such as noise, synchronizing signals, etc. In some applications, these fluctuations may be due to modulations purposely applied to the carriers. An example of such applications is that in which a frequency modulated signal is multiplied in frequency to increase its modulation index. It is the purpose of this paper to study how these perturbations propagate in the circuit of a multiplier. In other words, this paper considers the problem of determining the small-signal behavior--a problem which is of basic importance in understanding the problem of stability and noise performance in high efficiency varactor multipliers.i t See Ref. 1. T h e problem of stability is also treated in a subsequent paper. 2 Part of the results obtained in this paper represent generalizations of s o m e of the results presented in Refs. 1, 3, and 4. 1699