The Large Scale Curvature of Networks

Understanding key structural properties of large scale networks are crucial for analyzing and optimizing their performance, and improving their reliability and security. Here we show that these networks possess a previously unnoticed feature, global curvature, which we argue has a major impact on core congestion: the load at the core of a network with N nodes scales as N sup 2 as compared to N sup (1.5) for a flat network. We substantiate this claim through analysis of a collection of real data networks across the globe as measured and documented by previous researchers.