The quantum Hall effect.

The quantum Hall effect (QHF) is a new physical phenomenon. At low temperatures and in high magnetic fields the ratio of the Hall voltage to the current through a two-dimensional (2D) electron system is quantized to h/nue(2) [1] where h is Planck's constant, e is the electronic charge and nu is either integral or a rational fraction. Concomittant with the quantization of the Hall resistance, the resistivity of the 2D system vanishes as the temperature (T) approaches T = O.