Publications

The satellite-tracking radar amplifier operates at a center-band frequency of %l mc in a lower-sideband mode and is pumped at LI.7 kmc; the output frequency of the amplifier is 10.739 kmc.

The horn-reflector type of antenna was originated at Bell Telephone Laboratories, Holmdel, New Jersey, in the early 1940's 1 and is now in extensive use in the Bell System's transcontinental microw

Although communications antennas could be slaved to optical or radar trackers at each antenna site, the use of basic orbital information to generate antenna steering instructions is expected to be

The conventional method of evaluating the tracking performance of radar antennas has been to provide a camera-lens system mounted on the antenna structure to provide an optical line-of-sight parall

FM Demodulators with Negative Feedback By CLYDE L. R U T H R O F F (Manuscript received M a r c h 22, 19(51) The FM receiving demodulators used in the Echo experiment are described in this paper.

By using large antennas and a high-powered transmitter, it was calculated that a modest carrier could be received in New Jersey from California via the Echo I satellite.

The operational plan of the Project Echo experiment provided for pointing of the transmitting and receiving antennas from calculated orbital data.

The Echo T 2390 mc receiving system* is shown in block diagram form in Fig. 1. The masers and parametric amplifiers are shown in parallel in the over-all system.

M a n y factors, such as power o u t p u t , frequency, a n t e n n a gain, freespace path loss, receiver noise temperature, and method of modulation, influence the performance of a satellite commu

* Although this equipment was designed by the Bell System as part of its research and development program, it was operated in connection with Project Echo under Contract NASW-110 for the National A